Kev faib tawm ntawm cov roj thiab roj zoo nce cov txheej txheem ntau lawm

Roj thiab roj zoo nce productio technology yog ib qho kev ntsuas los txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm cov roj qhov dej (nrog rau cov qhov dej roj) thiab cov dej nqus dej ntawm cov dej txhaj tshuaj. Feem ntau siv txoj kev muaj xws li hydraulic fracturing thiab acidification kev kho mob, ntxiv rau downhole explosions, hnyav kho, thiab lwm yam.

1) Hydraulic fracturing txheej txheem

Hydraulic fracturing yuav tsum tau txhaj cov viscosity siab fracturing kua rau hauv lub qhov dej ntawm ib tug loj ntim uas tshaj lub nqus muaj peev xwm ntawm tsim, yog li ua rau lub hauv qab-qhov siab thiab fracturing tsim. Nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj tas mus li ntawm cov kua dej tawg, cov pob txha tawg txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv qhov tsim. Ib qho nyiaj ntawm proppant (tsuas yog xuab zeb) yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov kua fracturing los tiv thaiv qhov tawg ntawm qhov kaw tom qab lub twj tso kua mis nres. Cov pob txha uas muaj cov propant hloov pauv cov seepage ntawm cov roj thiab cov roj hauv kev tsim, ua kom cov dej ntws tawm, txo cov dej ntws tawm, thiab ua ob npaug ntawm cov roj zoo. "Shale gas", uas yog nrov heev hauv kev lag luam roj thoob ntiaj teb tsis ntev los no, tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhim kho sai ntawm hydraulic fracturing technology!

2) Roj zoo acidification kev kho mob

Roj zoo acidification kev kho mob yog muab faib ua ob pawg: hydrochloric acid kho rau carbonate pob zeb formations thiab av acid kho rau sandstone formations. Feem ntau hu ua acidification.

►Hydrochloric acid kho ntawm carbonate pob zeb formations: Carbonate pob zeb xws li limestone thiab dolomite react nrog hydrochloric acid los tsim calcium chloride los yog magnesium chloride uas yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej, uas tsub kom lub permeability ntawm tsim thiab zoo txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm cov roj qhov dej. . Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov tsim, hydrochloric acid reacts sai heev nrog pob zeb, thiab feem ntau ntawm nws yog noj nyob ze rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej thiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus tob rau hauv cov roj txheej, cuam tshuam cov acidification nyhuv.

►Soil acid kho ntawm sandstone tsim: Cov ntxhia pob zeb tseem ceeb ntawm sandstone yog quartz thiab feldspar. Cov cements feem ntau yog silicates (xws li av nplaum) thiab carbonates, ob qho tib si soluble hauv hydrofluoric acid. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hydrofluoric acid thiab carbonates, calcium fluoride nag lossis daus yuav tshwm sim, uas tsis tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov roj thiab roj qhov dej. Feem ntau, sandstone yog kho nrog 8-12% hydrochloric acid ntxiv rau 2-4% hydrofluoric acid tov nrog av acid kom tsis txhob muaj calcium fluoride nag lossis daus. Qhov concentration ntawm hydrofluoric acid hauv av acid yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau kom tsis txhob ua rau cov qauv ntawm cov xuab zeb puas thiab ua rau cov xuab zeb ntau lawm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsis zoo ntawm calcium thiab magnesium ions hauv kev tsim thiab hydrofluoric acid thiab lwm yam laj thawj, kev tsim yuav tsum tau pretreated nrog hydrochloric acid ua ntej txhaj tshuaj av acid. Lub pretreatment ntau yuav tsum loj dua cov av acid kho ntau yam. Ib qho authigenic av acid technology tau tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Methyl formate thiab ammonium fluoride yog siv los ua lub hauv paus tsim los tsim hydrofluoric acid, uas ua rau hauv cov roj kub kub txheej hauv qhov dej tob kom txhim kho cov av acids. Li no txhim kho cov peev txheej ntawm cov roj qhov dej.