Cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov roj thiab cov roj av ua kom muaj ntau lawm yog ib qho kev ntsuas los txhim kho lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm cov roj av (suav nrog cov roj av) thiab lub peev xwm nqus dej ntawm cov dej txhaj tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem siv feem ntau suav nrog hydraulic fracturing thiab acidification kev kho mob, ntxiv rau qhov tawg hauv qhov, kev kho cov kuab tshuaj, thiab lwm yam.
1) Cov txheej txheem tawg hydraulic
Kev tawg ua tej daim me me uas muaj cov kua dej uas muaj viscosity siab heev rau hauv lub qhov dej ntawm qhov ntim loj uas tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm nqus tau ntawm qhov tsim, yog li ua rau lub qhov hauv qab siab thiab tawg ua tej daim me me. Nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj tas mus li ntawm cov kua dej tawg, cov pob tawg yuav nthuav mus tob dua rau hauv qhov tsim. Yuav tsum muaj ib qho nyiaj ntawm cov proppant (feem ntau yog xuab zeb) nyob rau hauv cov kua dej tawg kom tiv thaiv qhov tawg kom tsis txhob kaw tom qab lub twj tso kua mis nres. Cov pob tawg uas muaj cov proppant hloov hom kev seepage ntawm roj thiab roj hauv qhov tsim, ua rau thaj chaw seepage ntau ntxiv, txo qhov kev tiv thaiv dej ntws, thiab ob npaug ntawm kev tsim cov roj qhov dej. "Shale gas", uas nrov heev hauv kev lag luam roj thoob ntiaj teb tsis ntev los no, tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov thev naus laus zis hydraulic fracturing!
2) Kev kho cov roj av acidification
Kev kho cov kua qaub ntawm qhov dej roj muab faib ua ob pawg: kev kho cov kua qaub hydrochloric rau cov pob zeb carbonate thiab kev kho cov kua qaub hauv av rau cov pob zeb sandstone. Feem ntau hu ua acidification.
► Kev kho cov pob zeb carbonate nrog hydrochloric acid: Cov pob zeb carbonate xws li limestone thiab dolomite react nrog hydrochloric acid los tsim cov calcium chloride lossis magnesium chloride uas yooj yim yaj hauv dej, uas ua rau kom muaj kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej thiab ua kom zoo dua qhov muaj peev xwm tsim cov roj qhov. Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov dej, hydrochloric acid reacts sai heev nrog cov pob zeb, thiab feem ntau ntawm nws raug noj ze ntawm qab ntawm qhov dej thiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus tob rau hauv cov roj txheej, cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv acidification.
► Kev kho cov kua qaub av ntawm cov pob zeb sandstone: Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb sandstone yog quartz thiab feldspar. Cov cements feem ntau yog silicates (xws li av nplaum) thiab carbonates, ob qho tib si yog soluble hauv hydrofluoric acid. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev sib xyaw ntawm hydrofluoric acid thiab carbonates, calcium fluoride precipitation yuav tshwm sim, uas tsis zoo rau kev tsim cov roj thiab cov roj av. Feem ntau, sandstone raug kho nrog 8-12% hydrochloric acid ntxiv rau 2-4% hydrofluoric acid sib xyaw nrog cov kua qaub av kom tsis txhob muaj calcium fluoride precipitation. Qhov concentration ntawm hydrofluoric acid hauv cov kua qaub av yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau kom tsis txhob ua rau cov qauv ntawm cov pob zeb sandstone puas tsuaj thiab ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov xuab zeb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo ntawm calcium thiab magnesium ions hauv kev tsim thiab hydrofluoric acid thiab lwm yam laj thawj, kev tsim yuav tsum tau pretreated nrog hydrochloric acid ua ntej txhaj cov kua qaub av. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg pretreatment yuav tsum loj dua li qhov ntau thiab tsawg kho cov kua qaub av. Ib qho thev naus laus zis av authigenic tau tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no. Methyl formate thiab ammonium fluoride yog siv los ua kom muaj zog hauv cov roj av los tsim cov hydrofluoric acid, uas ua haujlwm sab hauv cov roj kub siab hauv cov qhov dej tob kom txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho cov kua qaub hauv av. Yog li ntawd, nws thiaj li ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim cov roj av ntau ntxiv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-16-2023







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