Cov Cuab Yeej Tseem Ceeb Downhole: Ib Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Faib Tawm thiab Kev Siv Cov Roller Cone Bits thiab Diamond Bits

01 Cov Khoom Siv Rau Cov Menyuam Lub Khob: Cov Cuab Yeej Siv Tau Ntau Yam Rau Kev Hloov Kho Rau Cov Qauv

Txij li thaum lawv tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1909, cov khoom siv roller cone tau dhau los ua hom khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev khawb av rotary. Lawv cov qauv tsim ntau lub cone tshwj xeeb ua rau lawv hloov kho tau rau ntau yam xwm txheej, los ntawm mos mus rau tawv heev.

Cov Qauv Tsim Kho thiab Cov Txuj Ci Tseem Ceeb

Ib lub ntsis roller cone muaj tsib lub hauv paus tseem ceeb:

• Lub Cev Ntsis: Peb ceg ntawm lub khob hliav qab vuam ua ke, nrog cov xov sib txuas rau sab saud.
• Cov Khob Rau Cov Menyuam: Cov hlau conical uas muaj cov hniav milled lossis ntxig cov hniav rau ntawm qhov chaw.
• Lub Cev Muaj Kab: Muaj plaub pawg ntawm cov kab: loj, nruab nrab, me, thiab thrust bearings.
• Nozzles: Feem ntau muaj 3-4 tus lej, nrog rau txoj kab uas hla ntawm 7-14 hli.
• Kev Khaws Cia Roj Thiab Kev Kaw: Cov nplhaib kaw roj hmab lossis hlau ua ke nrog cov khoom siv them siab.

Ntawm cov no, thev naus laus zis kaw lub log sawv cev rau qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv dov. Cov khoom siv niaj hnub no siv lub kaw lus them nyiaj rau lub zog cia roj, uas tswj kev sib npaug ntawm lub zog roj hauv lub qhov kabmob thiab lub zog ntawm cov kua dej hauv qhov dej los ntawm cov khoom siv xws li qhov kis tau lub zog, lub diaphragm them nyiaj rau lub zog, thiab cov khob roj.

Kev faib tawm thiab IADC Coding

Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb ntawm Cov Neeg Cog Lus Drilling (IADC) tau tsim ib qho qauv kev faib tawm thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom siv roller cone, siv cov txheej txheem coding peb tus lej:

Tus lej ib: Hom hniav thiab kev tsim uas siv tau

1: Cov hniav sib tsoo, cov qauv mos mos

2: Cov hniav sib tsoo, nruab nrab mus rau nruab nrab-nyuaj formations

3: Cov hniav sib tsoo, cov tawv thiab cov khoom sib txhuam

5: Ntxig cov hniav, mos rau nruab nrab formations

6: Ntxig cov hniav, cov qauv nruab nrab-nyuaj

7: Ntxig cov hniav, cov tawv thiab cov qauv abrasive

8: Ntxig cov hniav, cov qauv tawv heev thiab ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam ntau heev

Tus lej thib ob: Kev faib ua pawg ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim (Qib 1-4; cov lej siab dua qhia txog kev tsim tawv dua)

Tus lej thib peb: Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm Bit

4: Cov kabmob kaw ruaj ruaj

6: Cov kabmob zawv zawg kaw

7: Cov kabmob zawv zawg kaw + kev tiv thaiv ntsuas ntsuas

8: Cov khoom me me rau kev khawb qhov taw qhia

Kev Faib Tawm IADC Yooj Yim rau Cov Khoom Siv Roller Cone

Lub Tswv Yim Tawg Pob Zeb thiab Cov Yam Ntxim Saib ntawm Kev Txav Mus Los

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lub pob zeb roller cone qhia txog peb hom kev txav sib xyaw:

• Kev Hloov Pauv: Cov cones tig mus rau sab xis nrog rau tag nrho cov ntsis.
• Kev Tig: Cov hniav tig counterclockwise ncig lub cone axis.
• Kev zawv zawg: suav nrog kev zawv zawg radial thiab tangential.

Qhov kev txav sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau muaj ob qho txiaj ntsig zoo li pob zeb tawg:

1.Kev Cuam Tshuam Ntawm Kev Sib Tsoo: Kev sib cuag ntawm ib thiab ob lub hniav nrog lub qhov hauv qab tsim kev co ntev, tsim cov khoom hnyav.

2.Cov nyhuv ntawm kev txav mus los: Kev txiav pob zeb yog ua tiav los ntawm kev tsim cov overhang, ob lub khob hliav qab, thiab cov qauv offset.

Txoj Kev Xaiv thiab Kev Sib Piv ntawm Kev Tsim Qauv 

Cov ntsiab cai yooj yim rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv roller cone raws li cov khoom pob zeb:

• Cov Qauv Mos: Xaiv cov ntsis nrog cov qauv offset, overhang, thiab ob-cone, nruab nrog cov hniav siab, dav, thiab tsis tshua muaj milled lossis ntxig.
• Cov Qauv Nruab Nrab-Nruab Nrab: Txo cov nqi ntawm qhov offset, overhang, thiab double cone; siv cov hniav luv, nqaim, thiab ntom.
• Cov Qauv Nyuaj thiab Sib Txhuam: Txais yuav cov menyuam dov ib lub khob hliav qab uas tsis muaj qhov dai lossis sib npaug, nruab nrog cov hniav pob lossis cov hniav pob kheej kheej.
• Cov qauv uas yooj yim hloov pauv: Xaiv cov hniav luv luv uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv lossis qhov sib txawv me me, thiab tsis muaj hniav ntsuas.
• Cov Qauv Mos thiab Nyuaj Sib Txuas: Xaiv cov hom ntsis raws li cov pob zeb tawv dua, thiab kho cov kev teeb tsa thaum lub sijhawm drilling.

Kev Teb rau Cov Xwm Txheej Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb

• Cov Qhov Me Me (<177 mm): Siv cov ntsis cone ib leeg, uas muaj cov cones loj dua, cov hniav, thiab cov bearings kom muaj zog dua.
• Kev Tho Qhov Taw Qhia: Xaiv cov ntsis tshwj xeeb uas tig nrog tus lej thib peb ntawm IADC code yog 8. 

02 Pob Zeb Diamond Bits: Cov Cuab Yeej Muaj Zog Rau Kev Tsim Kho Nyuaj 

Raws li cov khoom siv nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv xwm, pob zeb diamond muaj Mohs hardness ntawm Qib 10, lub zog compressive txog li 8800 MPa, thiab kev tiv thaiv hnav 9000 npaug ntawm cov hlau. Siv cov khoom no, cov pob zeb diamond tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws rau kev daws cov teeb meem tawv.

Kev faib tawm thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm thev naus laus zis

Cov pob zeb diamond niaj hnub no feem ntau muab faib ua peb hom:

1.Pob Zeb Diamond Uas Tau Teem Rau Ntawm Qhov Chaw

• Cov pob zeb diamond raug nthuav tawm rau ntawm qhov chaw matrix.
• Haum rau nruab nrab-nyuaj rau cov qauv nyuaj.
• Kev faib tawm qhov loj ntawm pob zeb diamond:
• Cov qauv mos: 2 lub noob ib carat (gpc) (qhov loj me kwv yees li 4 hli)
• Cov qauv nruab nrab-tawv: 3-4 gpc (qhov loj me kwv yees li 3.6 hli)
• Cov qauv tawv: 10-15 gpc (qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me kwv yees li 2.0 hli)

2.Pob Zeb Diamond Impregnated Bits

• Cov pob zeb diamond raug impregnated sab hauv lub matrix (60-400 gpc).
• Haum rau cov qauv tawv thiab abrasive (piv txwv li, flint, siliceous dolomite).
• Kev ua kom pob zeb diamond ntse yog ua tiav los ntawm kev hnav matrix.

3.PDC Bits (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits)

• Thawj zaug tau qhia los ntawm General Electric (GE) ntawm Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1973.
• Cov qauv me me: Pob zeb diamond txheej + cemented carbide substrate.
• Haum rau cov qauv mos mos mus rau nruab nrab-nyuaj homogeneous.

Kev Tsim Qauv thiab Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb

Cov pob zeb diamond txais yuav ib qho kev tsim uas tsis muaj qhov txav mus los, feem ntau suav nrog:

• Lub cev hlau: Ua los ntawm cov hlau carbon nruab nrab, nrog cov xov sib txuas rau sab saud.
• Matrix: Tungsten carbide hmoov + tooj liab-raws li bonding hlau, nrog rau qib hardness ntawm HRC 30-45.
• Cov Khoom Txiav: Cov pob zeb diamond ntuj / hluavtaws lossis PDC compacts.
• Cov Qauv Hydraulic: Cov dej ntws thiab cov kwj dej ntws (radial, kauv, thiab lwm yam).

Cov Qauv Tsim Tseem Ceeb

• Kev Ntsuas Pob Zeb Diamond: Kho raws li kev sib txhuam ntawm cov pob zeb; kev sib xyaw siab dua rau cov pob zeb sib xyaw ntau dua.
• Qhov Siab Tawm:
• Cov qauv mos mos: 1/3 ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me
• Cov qauv tawv: 1/6-1/10 ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me
• Daim di ncauj zoo li cas:
• Tiaj tiaj hauv qab: Rau cov homogeneous formations
• Nkhaus: Rau cov qauv tawv
• Serrated: Rau cov qauv abrasive

Kev Tawg Pob Zeb thiab Kev Teb rau Kev Tsim Pob Zeb

Txoj kev rhuav pob zeb ntawm cov pob zeb diamond sib txawv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim:

Cov Yas Tsim (piv txwv li, pob zeb av nkos, gypsum): Zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem "plowing"; pob zeb diamond nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv tsim kom ua rau cov yas ntws ntawm pob zeb.

Cov Qauv Brittle (piv txwv li, quartz sandstone): Cov qhov av sib tsoo volumetric raug tsim, nrog rau qhov loj me txiav 2-4 npaug ntawm cov pob zeb diamond, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Cov Pob Zeb Tawv (piv txwv li, flint, siliceous pob zeb): Siv cov khoom me me uas tau muab nchuav rau hauv av, thiab kev tawg pob zeb yog ua tiav los ntawm kev txiav me me thiab khawb, zoo ib yam li kev sib tsoo ntawm lub log sib tsoo.

Cov Kev Zoo thiab Kev Txwv ntawm PDC Bits

Ua ib yam khoom tshiab hauv tsev neeg pob zeb diamond, PDC bits muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb:

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv

Cov Khoom Siv PDC Hlau-Lub Cev: Cov hlau carbon nruab nrab nrog kev kho kom tawv.

Matrix-Body PDC Bits: Lub cev hlau sab saud + tungsten carbide matrix qis dua, muab kev ua tau zoo dua.

Tsim Qauv Profile

Parabolic: Rau cov qauv mos mos, ua kom cov duab siab thiab tus nqi drilling.

Puag ncig: Rau kev khawb lub rooj tig, pab txhawb kev nkag mus rau hauv cov interbeds tawv.

Conical: Rau kev khawb ceev ceev, nrog kev ua tau zoo nkag mus.

Cov Kev Txwv ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov

Tsis haum rau cov pob zeb ua pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb mos-nyuaj uas sib xyaw ua ke.

Qhov txwv tsis pub kub dhau (kev hnav hnyav dua 350 ℃; lub zog tsis ua haujlwm tshwm sim ntawm 700 ℃).

Kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo; ntug chipping ntawm cov khoom tshiab yog qhov tshwm sim.

Cov Lus Sib Piv ntawm Cov Qauv Siv Tau rau Pob Zeb Diamond Bits

03 Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Xaiv Txuj Ci: Kev Sib Txuas Cov Qauv thiab Cov Kev Cai Ua Haujlwm

Cov Cai Kub rau Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Roller Cone

Kev Sib Tw Hardness ntawm Kev Tsim Kho

Cov qauv mos: Xaiv cov ntsis uas muaj qhov offset siab, overhang, thiab cov qauv ob-cone, nruab nrog cov hniav zoo li wedge lossis cov hniav zoo li diav.

Cov qauv tawv: Txais yuav ib lub khob hliav qab, cov qauv tsis sib xws, nruab nrog cov hniav pob lossis cov hniav pob conical.

Kev Teb rau Kev Sib Txhuam

Rau cov qauv abrasive, siv cov ntsis ntxig nrog cov hniav gage.

Yog tias cov hniav sab nraud puag ncig thaum cov hniav nruab nrab qhia me ntsis hnav, qhov tom ntej yuav tsum tau tsim nrog kev tiv thaiv gage zoo dua.

Cov Kev Tiv Thaiv Rau Cov Xwm Txheej Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb

Cov qauv uas yooj yim khoov: Xaiv cov hniav luv luv uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv lossis qhov sib txawv me me; qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum mos dua li qhov kev tsim tiag tiag.

Cov pob zeb mos-tawv sib xyaw ua ke: Xaiv cov pob zeb raws li cov pob zeb tawv dua, thiab kho cov kev teeb tsa thaum lub sijhawm drilling.

Kev khawb qhov dej tob: Siv cov ntsis uas muaj cov duab tag nrho siab los them rau lub sijhawm poob.

Txoj Kev Xaiv Rau Pob Zeb Diamond Bits

Cov Cai Siv Tau Rau PDC Bits

Cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws: Cov pob zeb ntev sib xws mos mus rau nruab nrab-tawv (piv txwv li, shale, av nkos, gypsum).

Cov xwm txheej txwv tsis pub ua: Cov pob zeb xuab zeb, cov pob zeb flint interbeds, cov pob zeb mos-tawv interbedded.

Kev teeb tsa parameter: WOB qis (30-60 kN), RPM siab (100-300 rpm), tus nqi ntws loj.

Cov Cai Siv Tau Rau Cov Pob Zeb Diamond Ntuj/Synthetic Bits

Cov pob zeb nyuaj heev rau cov pob zeb nyuaj heev (piv txwv li, granite, quartz sandstone).

Cov qauv abrasive heev (piv txwv li, flint, siliceous dolomite).

Kev khawb turbine, qhov dej tob/deep heev, thiab kev ua haujlwm coring.

Cov Kev Cai Tshwj Xeeb rau Core Bits

Cov khoom siv rau lub khob hliav qab: Plaub-lub khob hliav qab (conical / cylindrical) lossis rau-lub khob hliav qab (puv cylindrical) tsim.

Cov pob zeb diamond core bits: Yuav tsum tau cov npoo txiav sib faib ua ke nrog kev tiv thaiv kev hnav tsis tu ncua.

Qhov cim tseem ceeb: Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lub qhov sab hauv thiab lub voj voog sab nraud kom tsis txhob muaj lub hauv paus oval.

Kev Txiav Txim Siab thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Tsis Zoo ntawm Downhole

Kev Txheeb Xyuas Qhov Xwm Txheej Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Roller Cone

Kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev: Lub rooj tig lub zog co tsis tu ncua, zuj zus tuaj thaum lub sijhawm WOB siab, txo qhov nrawm ntawm kev khawb tab sis lub zog twj tso kua mis ib txwm muaj.

Kev Poob Lub Cone: Kev khawb av lo heev, qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav hloov pauv sai heev, qhov tob ntawm qhov khawb thaum rub txoj hlua khawb.

Kev Hnav Hniav: Txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub rooj tig, tsis muaj kev co, txo qis qhov nrawm ntawm kev khawb.

Cov Kev Txwv Tsis Pub Siv Rau Pob Zeb Diamond Bits

Yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub qhov hauv qab ua ntej khiav lub ntsis mus rau hauv qhov kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj cov khib nyiab hlau seem.

Pib tho qhov nrog WOB me me thiab RPM qis rau "break-in" (0.5 m kev kho qhov hauv qab).

Tsis txhob ua haujlwm reaming; yog tias tsim nyog, siv WOB qis thiab RPM qis rau kev ua haujlwm sib xws.

Tiv tauj:Jessie Zhou
Xov tooj ntawm tes/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861
Lub vas sab hauv internet:www.landrilltools.com