Vim li cas Tungsten thiaj li tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm roj thiab roj av?

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tungsten (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tungsten carbide) hauv kev khawb roj av tuaj yeem piv rau nws yog qhov"cov hniav lag luam"ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws muab cov cuab yeej drilling nrog raumuaj peev xwm txiav txim siab kom txuas ntxiv mus, ua tau zoo, thiab txhim khu kev qha tawg pob zeb thaum tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej geological hnyav,Qhov nokev sib xyaw ua ke zoo meej ntawm qhov nyuaj, kev tawv, kev tiv taus kub siab, thiab kev hnav tsis kamua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi tungsten cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tag nrho kev lag luam roj av.

Hauv qab no yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb:

I. Ib qho khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev kov yeej cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm hnyav

Kev khawb roj av—tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov qhov dej tob, cov qhov dej tob heev, cov qhov dej kab rov tav ntawm cov roj shale, thiab kev khawb tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv—ntsib peb qhov teeb meem loj "hnyav":

1. Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab Kub HeevNtawm qhov tob ntawm ntau kilometers, qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem tshaj 200 ° C, nrog rau kev siab txog ntau pua atmospheres.
2. Kev Sib Txhuam Hnyav Heev: Cov ntsis laum yuav tsum tawg los ntawm cov pob zeb tawv thiab cov khoom siv sib txhuam (piv txwv li, granite, flint, quartz sandstone).
3. Kev xeb hnyav heevCov kua dej drilling yuav muaj cov tshuaj corrosive, brine, thiab hydrogen sulfide gas.

Tungsten Cov Tshuaj: Tungsten Carbide Hard Alloy

• Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab Kev Hnav Tsis Sib Xws: Tungsten carbide yog qhov thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond hauv qhov nyuaj tab sis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev tawv dua li pob zeb diamond. Qhov no tso cai rau nws ua haujlwm zoo li "cov hniav lag luam," txiav pob zeb tas li hauv qab kev sib hloov ceev thiab lub nra hnyav, nrog lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua kaum txog ntau pua npaug dua li cov hlau ib txwm.
• Kev Kub Kub Zoo Kawg Nkaus: Nws tseem muaj qhov nyuaj siab txawm tias nyob rau qhov kub siab (txog li ~ 1000 ° C), tsis zoo li ntau cov hlau uas sai sai mos thiab puas.
• Kev Ruaj Ntseg Tshuaj Zoo: Nws tiv taus xeb los ntawm cov kua dej drilling thiab cov kua dej hauv av.

II. Cov Ntawv Thov Tseem Ceeb hauv Cov Tshuab Drilling

Tungsten (feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tungsten carbide thiab tungsten alloys) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm drilling:

1. Cov "Cov Hniav" thiab Cov Ntuag Txiav ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Drill Bits:

• Cov khoom siv coneCov "hniav" uas nyob hauv txhua lub khob feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tungsten carbide. Lawv yog cov kab pem hauv ntej hauv kev sib cuag thiab tawg pob zeb.
• Cov Khoom Txiav Ruaj KhoovThaum PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) cov khoom siv pob zeb diamond cutters rau thaj chaw loj shearing,cov cuab yeej txiav ntsuas, cov hniav pob taws, thiab cov ntxig rau hauv cov chaw tseem ceebfeem ntau vam khom tungsten carbide los tiv thaiv kev hnav ntawm lub cev me ntsis.
• Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj XeebCov "Diamond Impregnated Bits" siv rau hauv cov formations nyuaj tshaj plaws muaj ntau cov tungsten carbide particles hauv lub matrix, ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv abrasive thiab cov qauv txhawb nqa.

1. Cov Cheebtsam Uas Tiv Thaiv Tau Rau Cov Cuab Yeej Tseem Ceeb:

• Cov Cuab Yeej DownholeCov nplaim sab nraud ntawm MWD/LWD cov cuab yeej, cov khoom ruaj khov, thiab cov reamers feem ntau yog cov tawv nrog cov tungsten carbide me me lossis muaj cov tungsten carbide inserts kom tiv taus kev hnav hnyav los ntawm lub qhov dej.
• Cov Cheebtsam ntawm Cov Hlua DrillCov hlua khi rau ntawm cov cuab yeej tho qhov thiab cov yeeb nkab tho hnyav tau coated nrog tungsten carbide kom txo qhov kev sib txhuam thiab kev hnav tawm ntawm lub casing, tiv thaiv cov tubulars kim.

1. Cov Khoom Siv Uas Muaj Qhov Hnyav Siab:

• Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tungsten-nickel-hlausiv rau qhov hnyav hauv cov cuab yeej teev cia precision xws li MWD/LWD. Lawvqhov ceev siab (≈18 g/cm³)tso cai rau qhov hnyav loj hauv qhov chaw kaw, ua kom cov cuab yeej ruaj khov thiab xyuas kom meej tias tau txais cov ntaub ntawv raug.

III. Cov Nyiaj Pab Ncaj Qha—Vim Li Cas Nws Thiaj "Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Hloov Tau"

1. Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Dua ntawm Drilling: Cov khoom tungsten uas tawv dua, tiv taus hnav ntau dua ua raucov nqi nkag mus ntau dua (ROP)thiabntev dua cov yeeb yaj kiab ib qho me me khiav, ncaj qha txo lub sijhawm tsim lub qhov dej.
2. Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Ntseeg Siab Ua Haujlwm Tau Ua Kom Ruaj NtsegKev ua tsis tiav sai sai ntawm lub ntsis lossis cov cuab yeej hauv qhov tob ntau txhiab meters tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nuv ntses kim heev lossis txawm tias poob lub qhov dej. Qhov kev ntseeg tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tungsten yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus.
3. Tus nqi qis dua tag nrhoTxawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tungsten kim heev, cov txiaj ntsig—txo lub sijhawm tripping rau kev hloov pauv me ntsis, qis dua qhov ua tsis tiav, thiab ntau dua tag nrho cov duab drilling—ua rau tus nqi qis dua ib 'meter' thoob plaws lub neej tag nrho.
4. Ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm hnyav heevYog tsis muaj cov hlau nplaum tawv uas ua los ntawm tungsten, kev khawb ntau lub qhov dej niaj hnub no uas tob tshaj 5,000 meters (qhov dej tob/ tob heev) thiab cov qauv av nyuaj yuav tsis yooj yim ua tau los ntawm kev siv tshuab lossis kev lag luam.